Analysis of Sleep Quality in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema
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Abstract
Introduction: Sleep plays a crucial role in human health, both physiologically and mentally, responsible for body repair and regeneration. This may be affected by patients with Hereditary Angioedema (HAE), a rare and serious genetic disease of the immune system. Objective: To analyze sleep quality in patients with HAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 31 patients, with a mean (± standard deviation, ±SD) age of 43 (±18.49) years, comprising 25 women and 6 men. Sleep analysis was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Data were expressed as means ± SD, medians, and interquartile ranges ([IQR]), or absolute and relative frequencies. Associations between variables were assessed using Chi-square, independent samples t-, or Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: PSQI analyses showed that approximately 80% of patients had poor or very poor sleep quality, characterized by various sleep disturbances such as inadequate sleep, impaired sleep frequency, and efficiency. Main reported sleep difficulties included waking up in the middle of the night, getting up to use the bathroom, coughing, loud snoring, and feeling hot. ESS analyses indicated that about 77% of patients experienced average or abnormal daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: This is the first Brazilian study to characterize sleep in patients with HAE. In the sample, there was an association with sleep disorders, likely because of HAE.
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