Body composition and functional performance of community-dwelling older adults across age groups
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Ageing is natural and progressive. This process can involve the presence of comorbidities, changes in body composition, and other limitations such as frailty and decline in functionality. Objective: To analyze the difference in body composition, level of physical activity, nutritional index, and functional performance in older adults of different age groups treated in primary health care. and to evaluate with a regression analysis whether the age factor, body mass index, palm dynamometry classification, and physical activity practice are predictors of the classification of functional tests. Methods: A cross-sectional study of older adults in Family Health Centers in Goiânia. 539 older adults were divided into 3 groups by age: group 1: 60-69 years, group 2: 70-79 years, and group 3: over 80 years. Body composition, performance, and functional independence were assessed using validated questionnaires and tests. Results: A lower body mass index was found in the age groups over 70, and 53% of the sample was considered sedentary, in addition to poor performance in the functional tests and low levels of functional independence, indicating functional risks, especially in the elderly over 80. In the regression analysis, age, body mass index, palm dynamometry score, and physical activity were predictors of low scores in the functional tests. Conclusion: As age advances, there is a gradual change in body composition, levels of functional performance, and functional independence.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) that allows others to share and adapt the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.References
1. Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Relatório Mundial de Envelhecimento. Geneva: OMS, 2015.
2. Cunha MB. O censo demográfico de 2023 e seus possíveis reflexos nas bibliotecas brasileiras. Rev Ibero-Am Cienc Inf. 2023;16(2):307-10. https://doi.org/10.26512/rici.v16.n2.2023.49634
3. Cabrera MAS, Jacob FW. Obesidade em idosos: prevalência, distribuição e associação com hábitos e comorbidades. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2001;45(5):494-501. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302001000500014
4. Palmer AK, Jensen MD. Metabolic changes in aging humans: current evidence and therapeutic strategies. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(16):e158451. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI158451
5. Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Diretrizes da OMS para atividade física e comportamento sedentário: num piscar de olhos. Genebra: OMS, 2020.
6. Ghiotto L, Muollo V, Tatangelo T, Schena F, Rossi AP. Exercise and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:913953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.913953
7. Peixoto SV, Mambrini JVM, Firmo JOA, Loyola Filho AI, Souza Junior PRB, Andrade FB, et al. Physical activity practice among older adults: Results of the ELSI-Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52(Suppl 2):5s. https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000605
8. Campos MTFS, Monteiro JBR, Ornelas APRC. Fatores que afetam o consumo alimentar e a nutrição do idoso. Rev Nutr. 2000;13(3):157-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732000000300002
9. Ikegami ÉM, Souza LA, Tavares DMS, Rodrigues LR. Capacidade funcional e desempenho físico de idosos comunitários: um estudo longitudinal. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2020;25(3):1083-90. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020253.18512018
10. Del Duca GF, Thumé E, Hallal PC. Prevalência e fatores associados ao cuidado domiciliar a idosos. Rev Saude Pública. 2011;45(1):113-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010005000047
11. Lipschitz DA. Screening for nutritional status in the elderly. Primary Care Clin Office Practice. 1994;21(1):55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4543(21)00452-8
12. Lee RC, Wang Z, Heo M, Ross R, Janssen I, Heymsfield SB. Total-body skeletal muscle mass: development and cross-validation of anthropometric prediction models. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(3):796-803. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.3.796
13. Mello FS, Waisberg J, Silva MLN. A circunferência da panturrilha está associada ao pior desfecho clínico em pacientes idosos. Geriatr Gerontol Aging. 2016;10(2):80-5. https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2447-211520161600011
14. Krakauer NY, Krakauer JC. A new body shape index predicts mortality hazard independently of body mass index. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e39504. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039504
15. Vellas B, Guigoz Y, Garry PJ, Nourhashemi F, Bennahum D, Lauque S, et al. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Nutrition. 1999;15(2):116-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(98)00171-3
16. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendations for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1423-34. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27
17. Bruyère O, Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Buckinx F, Schoene D, Hirani V, et al. Assessment of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in clinical practice: An international survey. Eur Geriatr Med. 2016;7(3):243-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EURGER.2015.12.009
18. Melo TA, Duarte ACM, Bezerra TS, França F, Soares NS, Brito D. Teste de Sentar-Levantar cinco vezes: segurança e confiabilidade em pacientes idosos na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2019;31(1):27-33. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20190006
19. Alexandre TS, Meira DM, Rico NC, Mizuta SK. Accuracy of the Timed Up and Go Test for screening risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly. Braz J Phys Ther. 2012;16(5):381-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012005000041
20. Lenardt MH, Carneiro NHK, Betiolli SE, Binotto MA, Ribeiro DKMN, Teixeira FFR. Factors associated with decreased hand grip strength in the elderly. Esc Anna Nery. 2016;20(4):e20160082. https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20160082
21. Parreira VF, França DC, Zampa CC, Fonseca MM, Tomich GM, Britto RR. Pressões respiratórias máximas: valores encontrados e preditos em indivíduos saudáveis. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2007;11(5):361-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552007000500006
22. Cincura C, Pontes-Neto OM, Neville IS, Mendes HF, Menezes DF, Mariano DC, et al. Validation of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and Barthel Index in Brazil: The role of cultural adaptation and structured interviewing. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27(2):119-22. https://doi.org/10.1159/000177918
23. Santos RL, Virtuoso Júnior R, JS. Confiabilidade da versão brasileira da escala de atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Rev Bras Promoç Saude. 2008;21(4):290-6. https://doi.org/10.5020/575
24. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
25. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: New York University, 1977.
26. Mateos JT, Fernández-Sáez J, Marcos-Marcos J, Álvarez-Dardet C, Bambra C, Popay J, et al. Gender Equality and the Global Gender Gap in Life Expectancy: An Exploratory Analysis of 152 Countries. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2022;11(6):740-6. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.192
27. Schladitz K, Förster F, Wagner M, Heser K, König HH, Hajek A, et al. Gender Specifics of Healthy Ageing in Older Age as Seen by Women and Men (70+): A Focus Group Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):3137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053137
28. Brito CCG, Monteiro DLA, Alves LDA, Gomes LS, Chaves MAS, Damasceno RS, et al. O impacto da sarcopenia na pessoa idosa institucionalizada no lar de idosos na cidade de Manhuaçu - MG. Braz J Health Rev. 2024;7(1):7484-97. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n1-610
29. Korn R, Mello BA, Costa MM, Sali MS, Sagawa Júnior Y, Soares AV. A idade e o índice de massa corporal estão relacionados com os critérios de diagnóstico de sarcopenia em mulheres idosas? Acta Fisiátrica. 2021;28(2):121-5. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v28i2a185059
30. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
31. Bezerra RKC, Oliveira LC, Silva JMA, Lemos PF, Carvalho FPB. Prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes dietéticos. Saude Pesqui. 2023;16(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2023v16n1.e11128
32. Pagotto V, Santos KF, Malaquias SG. Circunferência da panturrilha: validação clínica para avaliação de massa muscular em idosos. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(2):343-50. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0121
33. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Situação Alimentar e nutricional no Brasil: excesso de peso e obesidade da população adulta na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2020.
34. Nóbrega ACL, Herdy AH, Sellera CAC, Baptista CAS, Araújo CGS, Moreira DAR, et al. Diretriz em Cardiologia do Esporte e do Exercício da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia e da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;100(1 Suppl 2):1-41. https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2013S002
35. Guo Y, Li K, Zhao Y, Wang C, Mo H, Li Y. Association between long-term sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):5247. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55898-6
36. Danielewicz AL, Barbosa AR, Del Duca GF. Nutritional status, physical performance, and functional capacity in an elderly population in southern Brazil. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2014;60(3):242-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.03.0013
37. Takele MD, Eriku GA, Merawie DM, Zinabu FS, Fentanew M, Belay GJ, et al. Functional disability and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults living in Gondar Town, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):647. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18110-y
38. Ruiz-Rosso R, Moreno-Cámara S, Gutiérrez-Sánchez B, da-Silva-Domingues H, Del-Pino-Casado R, Palomino-Moral PÁ. Factors Influencing Nutritional Status in Hospitalized Individuals Aged 70 and Above. Nutrients. 2024;16(5):645. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050645
39. Shojima K, Mori T, Wada Y, Kusunoki H, Tamaki K, Matsuzawa R, et al. Factors contributing to subjective well-being and supporting successful aging among rural Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2024;24(Suppl 1):311-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14835
40. Gomes DRP, Santos LP, Vieira ER, Bertoldi AD, Tomasi E, Demarco FF, et al. Low Physical Performance Could Be Associated with Adverse Health Outcomes over Time: Results from a Cohort of Older Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(3):319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030319