Childhood apraxia of speech evaluation in autism spectrum disorders: three clinical cases report
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Among the communication impairments found in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), recently the literature has suggested a comorbid relationship with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The aim of the present study was to report the CAS assessment of 3 children diagnosed with ASD. Report: The subjects were three children aged 4 to 6 years, with a medical diagnosis of ASD. The language development assessment (LDA) was performed in the subjects, as well as the ABFW vocabulary evaluation and oral praxis (verbal, orofacial, a sequence of movements, and parallel movements) and evaluation of vocal, prosodic, and speech characteristics. All subjects had moderate language delay with better performance in the receptive area. Difficulties in oral praxis tasks were more evident in one of the subjects. Vocal, prosodic and speech features of all the cases were compatible with CAS. Conclusion: In the 3 cases reported, CAS signs were identified with impaired oral motor skills, prosody, and oral praxis, as well as inconsistent speech sound production.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) that allows others to share and adapt the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.References
American Psychiatry Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
Shriberg LD, Paul R, Clack LM, van Santen JP. The hypothesis of apraxia of speech in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011;41(4):405-26. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1117-5
Tierney CD, Kurtz M, Souders H. Clear as mud: another look at autism, childhood apraxia of speech and auditory processing. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012;24(3):394-9. http://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e328352c5a6
Tierney C, Mayes S, Lohs SR, Black A, Gisin E, Veglia M. How valid is the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder when a child has apraxia of speech?. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(8):569-74. http://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000189
Dalton JC, Crais ER, Velleman SL. Joint attention and oromotor abilities in young children with and without autism spectrum disorder. J Commun Disord. 2017;69:27-43. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.06.002
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Technical report: Childhood apraxia of speech [internet] 2007. Available from: http://www.asha.org/policy/TR2007-00278.htm.
Gubiani MB, Pagliarin KC, Keske-Soares M. Tools for the assessment of childhood apraxia of speech. CoDAS. 2015;27(6):610-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152014152
Murray E, McCabe P, Heard R, Ballard KJ. Differential Diagnosis of Children with Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Speech. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(1):43-60. http://doi.org/10.1044/2014_JSLHR-S-12-0358
Nijland L, Terband H, Maassen B. Cognitive Functions in Childhood Apraxia of Speech. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(3):550-65. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0084
Iuzzini-Seigel J, Hogan TP, Green JR. Speech Inconsistency in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Language Impairment, and Speech Delay: Depends on the stimuli. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017;60(5):1194-1210. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0184
Morgan AT, Murray E, Liégeois FL. Interventions for childhood apraxia of Speech. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD006278. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006278.pub3
Murray E, Iuzzini-Seigel J. Efficacious treatment of children with childhood apraxia of speech according to the international classification of functioning, disability and health. J Perspectives. 2017;2(2):61-76. https://doi.org/10.1044/persp2.SIG2.61
Shiriberg LD, Strand E, Kakielski KJ, Mabie HL. Estimates of the prevalence pf speech and motor speech disorders in persons with complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Clin Linguist Phon. 2019;33(8):707-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2019.1595732
Befi-Lopes MD. Verificação do vocabulário. In: Andrade CRF, Befi-Lopes DM, Fernandes FDM, Wertzner HF. ABFW. Teste para avaliação da linguagem infantil. São Paulo: Pró-Fono, 2000; p. 41-60.
Bearzotti F, Tavano A, Fabbro A. Developmental of orofacial praxis of children from 4 to 8 years of age. Percept Mot Skills. 2007;104(3 Pt 2):1355-66. http://doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.4.1355-1366