Oral health conditions of institutionalized older adults and associated factors

Main Article Content

Raul Anderson Domingues Alves da Silva
Gemakson Mikael Mendes
Jéssica Soares de Sousa
Walda Viana Brigido de Moura
Rômulo Rocha Regis
Ana Karine Macedo Teixeira

Abstract

Introduction: The growth of the Brazilian older adult population has influenced the increased demand for institutionalization for this public, which usually has poor oral health conditions such as edentulism. Objective: To characterize the oral health conditions and verify the variables related to the edentulism of institutionalized older adults and verify the relation of the time of institutionalization with oral health. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 512 institutionalized older adults in which the sociodemographic profile, general health conditions, and oral health care and conditions were evaluated by clinical exams, consultations of medical records, and structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences using the Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests and a logistic regression model using a 95% confidence level. Results: A high DMFT (29.4), high prevalence of complete edentulism (61.3%), high need for maxillary (73.6%), and mandibular oral rehabilitation (56.8%) were observed. Edentulism was associated with older age (p<0.001), lower schooling (p<0.001) and non-retirement (p=0.031). It was found that longer institutionalization time remained associated with edentulism even when adjusted by sociodemographic and general health variables (p=0.013). It was also associated with the absence of brushing (p=0.024) and a lower frequency of tooth, gum, and prosthesis brushing (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is suggested to establish oral health care routines within long-term institutions for the effective maintenance of oral health throughout the institutionalization time.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Silva, R. A. D. A. da, Mendes, G. M., Sousa, J. S. de, Moura, W. V. B. de, Regis, R. R., & Teixeira, A. K. M. (2022). Oral health conditions of institutionalized older adults and associated factors. ABCS Health Sciences, 48, e023202. https://doi.org/10.7322/abcshs.2020186.1632
Section
Original Articles

References

Sá IPC, Almeida Júnior LR, Corvino MPF, Sá SPC. Condições de saúde bucal de idosos da instituição de longa permanência Lar Samaritano no município de São Gonçalo-RJ. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2012;17(5):1259-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012000500019

Maia LC, Costa SM, Martelli DRB, Caldeira AP. Edentulismo total em idosos: envelhecimento ou desigualdade social?. Rev Bioét. 2020;28(1):173-81. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422020281380

Medeiros AKB, Barbosa FP, Piuvezam G, Carreiro AFP, Lima KC. Prevalence and factors associated with alterations of the temporomandibular joint in institutionalized elderly. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2019;24(1):159-68. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018241.06132017

Costa MJF, Lins CAA, Macedo LPV, Sousa VPS, Duque JA, Souza MC. Clinical and self-perceived oral health assessment of elderly residents in urban, rural, and institutionalized communities. Clinics. 2019;74:e972. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e972

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. SB Brasil 2010: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal: resultados principais. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2012.

Souza EHA, Barbosa MBCB, Oliveira PAP, Espíndola J, Gonçalves KJ. Impacto da saúde bucal no cotidiano de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados da cidade do Recife (PE, Brasil). Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2010;15(6):2955-64. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232010000600034

Costa EHM, Saintrain MVL, Vieira APGF. Autopercepção da condição de saúde bucal em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2010;15(6):2925-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000600030

Kohli R, Sehgal HS, Nelson S, Schwarz E. Oral health needs, dental care utilization, and quality of life perceptions among Oregonian seniors. Spec Care Dent. 2017;37(2):85-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12221

Melo LA, Sousa MM, Medeiros AKB, Carreiro AFP, Lima KC. Fatores associados à autopercepção negativa da saúde bucal em idosos institucionalizados. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2016;21(11):3339-46. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320152111.08802015

Hong CHL, Aung MM, Kanagasabai K, Lim CA, Liang S, Tan KS. The association between oral health status and respiratory pathogen colonization with pneumonia risk in institutionalized adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16(2):e96-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12321

Pfeiffer E. A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1975;23(10):433-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Projeto SB 2010: condições de saúde bucal da população brasileira no ano 2010: manual do coordenador municipal. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2009.

Cornejo M, Pérez G, Lima KC, Casals-Peidro E, Borrell C. Oral health-related quality of life in institutionalized elderly in (Spain) Barcelona. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(2):285-92. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.18280

Zhang Q, Jing Q, Gerritsen AE, Witter DJ, Bronkhorst EM, Creugers NHJ. The dental status of an institutionalized elderly population of 60 years and over in Qingdao, China. Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20:1021-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1581-6

Miremadi SR, Cosyn J, Janssens B, Bruyn H, Vanobbergen J, Visschere L. A pilot assessment tool of the need for oral health care and cost prediction in institutionalized elderly people. Int J Dent Hyg. 2017;15(4):306-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12222

Lopes MC, Oliveira VMB, Flório FM. Condição bucal, hábitos e necessidade de tratamento em idosos institucionalizados de Araras (SP, Brasil). Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2010;15(6):2949-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232010000600033

Piuvezam G, Lima KC. Factors associated with missing teeth in the Brazilian elderly institutionalised population. Gerodontology. 2013;30(2):141-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00655.x

Alcântara CM, Dias CA, Rodrigues SM, Reis FA. Estudo comparativo da condição de saúde bucal de idosos não institucionalizados de Governador Valadares-MG, com a meta proposta pela Organização Mundial de Saúde para 2010. Physis. 2011;21(3):1023-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312011000300014

Gaião LR, Almeida MEL, Heukelbach J. Perfil epidemiológico da cárie dentária, doença periodontal, uso e necessidade de prótese em idosos residentes em uma instituição na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2005;8(3):316-23. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2005000300013

Reis SCGB, Higino MASP, Melo HMD, Freire MCM. Condição de saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados em Goiânia- GO, 2003. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2005;8(1):67-73. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2005000100008

Carneiro RMV, Silva DD, Sousa MLR, Wada RS. Saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados, zona leste de São Paulo, Brasil, 1999. Cad Saude Publica. 2005;21(6):1709-16. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2005000600018

Thomson WM. Epidemiology of oral health conditions in older people. Gerodontology. 2014;31(Suppl 1):9-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12085

Botazzo C. Sobre a bucalidade: notas para a pesquisa e contribuição ao debate. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2006;11(1):7-17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232006000100002

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Diretrizes da política nacional de saúde bucal. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2004.

Gaszynska E, Szatko F, Godala M, Gaszynski T. Oral health status, Dental treatment needs, and barriers to dental care of elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:1637-44. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S69790

Piuvezam G, Lima KC. Self-perceived oral health status in institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;55(1):5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.04.017

Simunkovic SK, Vucicevic Boras V, Panduric J, Alajbeg Zilic I. Oral health among institutionalised elderly in Zagreb, Croatia. Gerodontology. 2005;22(4):238-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2005.00086.x

Rabiei M, Kasemnezhad E, Masoudi Rad H, Shakiba M, Pourkay H. Prevalence of oral and dental disorders in institutionalised elderly people in Rasht, Iran. Gerodontology. 2010;27(3):174-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00313.x

Peltola P, Vehkalahti MM, Wuolijoki-Saaristo K. Oral health and treatment needs of the long-term hospitalised elderly. Gerodontology. 2004;21(2):93-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2004.00012.x

Bilder L, Yavnai N, Zini A. Oral health status among long-term hospitalized adults: a cross sectional study. Peer J. 2014;2:e423. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.423

Corchero AMI, Cepeda JRG. Oral Health in people over 64 years of age, institutionalized in Centres for the Aged in the Vigo Health District Spain, 2005. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008;13(8):e523-8.

Seerig LM, Nascimento GG, Peres MA, Horta BL, Demarco FF. Acúmulo de risco decorrente da pobreza e perda dentária aos 31 anos, coorte de nascidos vivos de 1982, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(8):e00167619. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00167619

Thorstensson H, Johansson B. Why do some people lose teeth across their lifespan whereas others retain a functional dentition into very old age? Gerodontology. 2010;27(1):19-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00297.x

Jerez-Roig J, Ferreira LMDM, Araújo JRT, Lima KC. Functional decline in nursing home residents: a prognostic study. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177353. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177353

Chiesi F, Grazzini M, Innocenti M, Giammarco B, Simoncini E, Garamella G, et al. Older People Living in Nursing Homes: An Oral Health Screening Survey in Florence, Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(18):3492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183492

Fluetti MT, Fhon JRS, Oliveira AP, Chiquito LMO, Marques S. The frailty syndrome in institutionalized elderly persons. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2018;21(1):60-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.170098

Oliveira PH, Mattos IE. Prevalência e fatores associados à incapacidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados no Município de Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, 2009-2010. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2012;21(3):395-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742012000300005

Cobo CMS. The influence of institutionalization on the perception of autonomy and quality of life in old people. Rev Esc Enferm. 2014;48(6):1011-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420140000700008

Castro-Monteiro E, Forjaz MJ, Ayala A, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Fernandez-Mayoralas G, Diaz-Redondo A, et al. Change and predictors of quality of life in institutionalized older adults with dementia. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(9):2595-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0706-8

Silva BLA, Bonini JA, Bringel FDA. Oral health status of institutionalized elderly in Araguaína/TO. Periodontia. 2015;25(1):7-13.