Associação entre obesidade e câncer de tireoide em mulheres: um estudo comparativo de nódulos malignos e benignos

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Morgana Pinheiro Sousa
Thaynan dos Santos Dias
Luis Felipe Nunes de Oliveira
Ana Victória Varela da Silva
André Pires Cortez
Bruna Aparecida Melo Batista
Maria Dinara de Araújo Nogueira
Walter Breno de Souza Freire
Carla Soraya Costa Maia

Resumo

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença que causa diversas alterações no corpo, como o estresse oxidativo, o que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de células cancerígenas na tireoide. Objetivo: Avaliar se a presença de obesidade e a defesa antioxidante estão associadas ao diagnóstico de nódulos tireoidianos malignos em mulheres adultas. Métodos: O estudo transversal incluiu 109 mulheres com doença nodular da tireoide submetidas à tireoidectomia, com classificação de benignidade ou malignidade definida previamente pela Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina (PAAF) e pela classificação Bethesda. As participantes tiveram marcadores antropométricos e clínicos avaliados antes do processo cirúrgico. A razão de prevalência de nódulos malignos em relação à obesidade e aos marcadores antioxidantes foi determinada utilizando análise de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Após a análise da biópsia, 70 mulheres foram diagnosticadas com nódulo benigno e 39 com nódulo maligno. Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o índice de massa corporal e o tipo de nódulo (p<0,015). Com exceção de uma participante, todas apresentaram atividade enzimática da glutationa peroxidase e da superóxido dismutase acima dos valores de referência. A prevalência de nódulos malignos foi significativamente maior em mulheres diagnosticadas com obesidade (RP=1,94; IC 95%: 1,01-3,17; p=0,046) em comparação àquelas sem obesidade. Os marcadores antioxidantes não mostraram associação com a malignidade dos nódulos. Conclusão: A prevalência de nódulos tireoidianos malignos em mulheres adultas é maior naquelas que são obesas, e a presença de nódulos tireoidianos, independentemente do seu tipo, pode influenciar o aumento da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes.

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Sousa, M. P., Dias, T. dos S., Oliveira, L. F. N. de, Silva, A. V. V. da, Cortez, A. P., Batista, B. A. M., … Maia, C. S. C. (2026). Associação entre obesidade e câncer de tireoide em mulheres: um estudo comparativo de nódulos malignos e benignos. ABCS Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.7322/abcshs.2024187.2928
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