Eficácia dos enxaguatórios bucais à base de produtos naturais na formação de biofilme e inflamação gengival na infância: revisão sistemática
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Introdução: Os enxaguatórios bucais são empregados como complementos à higiene oral em crianças, com finalidade de aprimorar o controle do biofilme dentário. Produtos derivados de ervas e plantas têm ganhado destaque no mercado. Objetivo: Analisar a evidência científica sobre a eficácia de colutórios feitos de ingredientes naturais no controle do biofilme e na inflamação das gengivas em crianças, em comparação com a clorexidina. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, com pesquisa de dados em junho de 2024, utilizando bases de dados eletrônicas e literatura cinzenta. Resultados: Seis ensaios clínicos randomizados foram selecionados, pois cumpriram critérios de inclusão. Para avaliação do risco de viés nos estudos escolhidos, utilizou-se a ferramenta RoB 2 da Colaboração Cochrane para estudos randomizados e o método GRADE para determinar o nível de evidência e a força da recomendação. Observou-se que enxaguatórios contendo ingredientes naturais como Aloe Vera L., Azadirachta indica L., Triphala e Cymbopogon citratus L. apresentaram resultados comparáveis à clorexidina na diminuição do biofilme dental e da inflamação gengival, segundo índices periodontais. A qualidade das evidências é de moderada a baixa. Ensaios clínicos futuros devem compreender as limitações associadas às diferentes composições e mecanismos de ação dos produtos naturais. Devido à heterogeneidade dos estudos, não foi realizada metanálise. Conclusão: Embora os enxaguatórios bucais feitos com extratos vegetais se mostrem como uma alternativa complementar no suporte ao controle mecânico do biofilme dentário em crianças, as evidências derivam de estudos com qualidade metodológica de moderada a baixa. Registro no banco de dados PROSPERO: CRD42022321139.
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